環(huan)境試(shi)驗設(she)備品種繁多，但(dan)使用廣(guang)泛的環境試(shi)驗設(she)備為(wei)高溫(wen)、低溫(wen)、濕熱(re)試(shi)驗箱，而(er)現今比較流(liu)行是集合了高溫(wen)、低溫(wen)、濕熱(re)為(wei)一(yi)體的試(shi)驗箱—恒(heng)(heng)溫恒(heng)(heng)濕試驗箱，它(ta)的修理難(nan)度較其它(ta)環境試驗設(she)備大，且(qie)具有代表性。下面就(jiu)冷(leng)熱沖擊(ji)試驗機為例，談一(yi)談恒溫恒濕(shi)試驗箱的構(gou)造(zao)及一(yi)些常見故障和排除方法。
   (一)常(chang)見恒溫恒濕試(shi)驗箱的構造(zao)
   試驗(yan)人員除正確按操(cao)(cao)作規程操(cao)(cao)作，還(huan)應(ying)該(gai)對其結(jie)構有(you)所了(le)解。冷熱(re)沖(chong)擊試驗(yan)機由箱(xiang)體、風循(xun)環(huan)系統(tong)、制冷系統(tong)、加(jia)(jia)溫(wen)系統(tong)和(he)控濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)系統(tong)組(zu)成(cheng)。風循(xun)環(huan)系統(tong)一般采用(yong)(yong)可(ke)調節送風方向的結(jie)構；加(jia)(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)系統(tong)有(you)采用(yong)(yong)鍋爐加(jia)(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的和(he)表(biao)面蒸發二種(zhong)；降溫(wen)、去濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)系統(tong)采用(yong)(yong)空(kong)調工況制冷結(jie)構；加(jia)(jia)熱(re)系統(tong)采用(yong)(yong)電熱(re)鰭片(pian)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)和(he)電爐絲(si)直接加(jia)(jia)熱(re)二種(zhong)結(jie)構；溫(wen)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度測(ce)試方法采用(yong)(yong)干濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)球測(ce)試方法，也有(you)用(yong)(yong)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度傳(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)直接測(ce)量方法；控制和(he)顯示操(cao)(cao)作界面采用(yong)(yong)溫(wen)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度分開獨立和(he)溫(wen)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度組(zu)合控制器(qi)(qi)等方式(shi)。
   (二)恒溫(wen)恒濕試驗(yan)箱的一些常見故障和排除方法：
   1.在高溫(wen)試(shi)驗中，如(ru)溫(wen)度(du)(du)變化達不到試(shi)驗溫(wen)度(du)(du)值時，可以檢查(cha)電器(qi)系(xi)(xi)統，逐一排除故障(zhang)。如(ru)溫(wen)度(du)(du)升得很(hen)慢，就要(yao)查(cha)看(kan)(kan)風循環系(xi)(xi)統，看(kan)(kan)一下風循環的調節(jie)擋板是(shi)否開(kai)啟正(zheng)常，反(fan)之，就檢查(cha)風循環的電機(ji)運轉是(shi)否正(zheng)常。如(ru)溫(wen)度(du)(du)過沖厲害那(nei)么(me)就需要(yao)整定PID的設置(zhi)參數。如(ru)果溫(wen)度(du)(du)直接上升，過溫(wen)保護，那(nei)么(me)，控制器(qi)出故障(zhang)，須更換(huan)控制儀表。
   2.設備(bei)在試驗(yan)運(yun)行過(guo)程中(zhong)突然出現故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)時(shi)，控(kong)制(zhi)儀表(biao)上(shang)出現對(dui)(dui)應的(de)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)提示(shi)(shi)并有聲訊報警(jing)提示(shi)(shi)。操(cao)作人員可以(yi)對(dui)(dui)照設備(bei)的(de)操(cao)作使用中(zhong)的(de)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)排除一章中(zhong)快(kuai)速檢查出屬于(yu)哪(na)一類(lei)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)，即可請專業(ye)人員快(kuai)速排除故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)，以(yi)確保試驗(yan)的(de)正常(chang)進行。其它(ta)環境試驗(yan)設備(bei)在使用中(zhong)
   3.低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)達不(bu)(bu)到試(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)指標，那(nei)你就要觀察溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)變化，是(shi)(shi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)降的(de)(de)(de)很(hen)慢，還是(shi)(shi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)到一定值后(hou)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)有回升的(de)(de)(de)趨勢，前(qian)者就要檢查(cha)一下，做(zuo)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)試(shi)驗(yan)前(qian)是(shi)(shi)否將工(gong)作(zuo)室(shi)烘干(gan)，使(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)室(shi)保(bao)持干(gan)燥后(hou)再將試(shi)驗(yan)樣(yang)品(pin)放(fang)入工(gong)作(zuo)室(shi)內(nei)再做(zuo)試(shi)驗(yan)，工(gong)作(zuo)室(shi)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)試(shi)驗(yan)樣(yang)品(pin)是(shi)(shi)否放(fang)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)多，使(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)室(shi)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)風不(bu)(bu)能(neng)充分循環(huan)(huan)，在排除上(shang)述原(yuan)因后(hou)，就要考慮(lv)是(shi)(shi)否是(shi)(shi)制(zhi)冷系統中的(de)(de)(de)故障了，這樣(yang)就要請廠家的(de)(de)(de)專業人員進行檢修(xiu)。后(hou)者的(de)(de)(de)現象是(shi)(shi)設備的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)不(bu)(bu)好所致(zhi)，設備放(fang)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)，放(fang)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)位置(zhi)(箱體(ti)后(hou)與墻的(de)(de)(de)距離(li))要滿足要求(在設備操作(zuo)使(shi)用(yong)說明中都有規定)。
   4.在(zai)做濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)熱(re)試驗中，出現(xian)實際濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)會達到100%或(huo)(huo)者實際濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)與目標濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)相差很(hen)大(da)，數值低得很(hen)多(duo)，前者的(de)(de)現(xian)象：可能是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)球傳感器(qi)(qi)上(shang)的(de)(de)紗布干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)引起，那就要檢(jian)查(cha)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)球傳感器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)槽(cao)中是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否缺水(shui)(shui)(shui)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)槽(cao)中的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)一(yi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)自(zi)動控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)，查(cha)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否供水(shui)(shui)(shui)正(zheng)常(chang)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)工作是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否正(zheng)常(chang)。另一(yi)種可能就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)球紗布因使(shi)用時間長，或(huo)(huo)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)純凈度(du)(du)的(de)(de)原(yuan)因，會使(shi)紗布變硬，使(shi)紗布無(wu)法吸收(shou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)份而干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)，只要更換或(huo)(huo)清洗(xi)紗布即可排除以上(shang)現(xian)象。后(hou)者的(de)(de)現(xian)象主要是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)加(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)系統(tong)不工作，查(cha)看加(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)系統(tong)的(de)(de)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)，供水(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)內(nei)(nei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否有一(yi)定的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)，控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)加(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鍋(guo)爐水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否正(zheng)常(chang)，加(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鍋(guo)爐內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否正(zheng)常(chang)。如以上(shang)一(yi)切(qie)都正(zheng)常(chang)，那就要檢(jian)查(cha)電器(qi)(qi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系統(tong)，這(zhe)要請專業維(wei)修人員進行檢(jian)修。
   5.低溫(wen)達不(bu)到試驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)指(zhi)標，那(nei)你就要(yao)觀察(cha)溫(wen)度(du)的(de)(de)變化，是(shi)溫(wen)度(du)降的(de)(de)很慢(man)，還(huan)是(shi)溫(wen)度(du)到一定值后溫(wen)度(du)有回升的(de)(de)趨勢，前者(zhe)就要(yao)檢查一下，做低溫(wen)試驗(yan)(yan)前是(shi)否將(jiang)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)室烘干(gan)，使(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)室保持干(gan)燥(zao)后再(zai)將(jiang)試驗(yan)(yan)樣(yang)品放入工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)室內(nei)再(zai)做試驗(yan)(yan)，工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)室內(nei)的(de)(de)試驗(yan)(yan)樣(yang)品是(shi)否放置(zhi)的(de)(de)過多，使(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)室內(nei)的(de)(de)風不(bu)能充分循環，在排(pai)除(chu)上(shang)述原(yuan)因后，就要(yao)考(kao)慮(lv)是(shi)否是(shi)制冷系(xi)統中的(de)(de)故障(zhang)了，這樣(yang)就要(yao)請廠家(jia)的(de)(de)專業(ye)人員進(jin)行檢修。
   后者的(de)現(xian)象是設備(bei)的(de)使用環境(jing)(jing)不好(hao)所致，設備(bei)放置(zhi)的(de)環境(jing)(jing)溫度，放置(zhi)的(de)位置(zhi)(箱(xiang)體后與墻的(de)距離)要(yao)滿(man)足要(yao)求(在設備(bei)操作使用說(shuo)明中都有規定(ding))。
   環境試驗設備還要定期進行維(wei)護保養，制(zhi)冷系統的冷凝器定期清(qing)理，對于活動部件(jian)應按說明書(shu)加油(you)潤滑，電器控制(zhi)系統定期維(wei)護檢查等(deng)等(deng)，這些工(gong)作是(shi)不可少的。

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